速度赛马粪便微生物种群差异的研究     

马明博  许云贺  朱弘焱  苏玉虹  田玉民 《饲料研究》2021,(4):67-73

为筛选提高赛马竞技成绩的有益微生物,试验比较现役纯血速度赛马粪便微生物群落多样性及丰度差异。选择休赛一周的现役纯血马9匹,按比赛成绩分为A(16.8 m/s)、B(16.4 m/s)、C(16.3 m/s)3组。收集新鲜粪便样本,提取粪便样本菌群DNA,对微生物16S rDNA的V3~V4区序列Illumina测序。结果表明,A组与C组粪便微生物菌群之间在纲、种的分类菌群数上差异显著(P<0.05)。LDA效应分析A组马粪微生物标志物种为Bacteria、Firmicutes、Clostridia、Clostridiales、Veillonellaceae、Anaerovibrio,以上微生物标志物种在3组中的相对丰度分布为A组>B组>C组。A组的厌氧弧菌属(Anaerovibrio)、C组的根瘤菌目(Rhizobiales)的LDA效应值显著(P<0.05)。按马粪中微生物丰度,纲、目、科、属中分别有4、3、5、9、14组微生物差异(P<0.05)。研究表明,可以按微生物群落差异筛选出提高赛马成绩的消化道微生物制剂。  相似文献   

青海地区野生狐狸棘球绦虫感染情况调查研究     

朵红  张学勇  马怡隽  付永  沈秀英  郭志宏  更求久乃  马国柱  王小红  李剑  宋仁德  陈有录  林芳明  王欣玥 《青海畜牧兽医杂志》2021,(1):45-47

野生狐狸是棘球绦虫的主要终末宿主,在棘球蚴病的传播中有重要作用。为了解青海省狐狸中棘球绦虫感染状况,我们用棘球绦虫粪抗原检测试剂盒,对收集于青海省称多县、贵南县、祁连县的野生狐狸粪便进行了检测。结果表明,称多县收集的129份狐狸粪便阳性15份,阳性率11.6%;祁连县收集的84份狐狸粪便阳性3份,阳性率3.6%;贵南县收集的47份狐狸粪便阳性0份。共收集的260份狐狸粪便中阳性18份,平均阳性率7.5%。青海省野生狐狸中有棘球绦虫感染,在棘球蚴防治中应加强野生终末宿主的防治。  相似文献   

山东省菏泽市某规模猪场不同猪群伪狂犬病野毒感染情况调查     

贾义平  李翠玲  樊祜卿  王曼 《中国动物检疫》2021,38(4):34-38

为了解规模猪场不同猪群的伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)感染情况及场区病毒载量分布特点,在山东省菏泽市某规模猪场,利用实时荧光定量PCR方法,对该猪场不同孕龄母猪、不同阶段生长猪群,以及各生产阶段场区环境,采集猪鼻拭子和场区环境拭子进行PRV-gE核酸检测,并对检测结果进行统计分析。结果显示:在294份猪鼻拭子中,检出42份PRV-gE核酸阳性,总阳性率为14.28%;母猪群PRV-gE阳性率为17.83%(23/129),且妊娠前后各阶段阳性率呈先上升后下降趋势,中期较高(24.00%),但差异不明显(P>0.05);不同阶段生长猪群的平均PRV-gE阳性率为11.52%(19/165),随日龄增加,阳性率也呈先上升后下降趋势,80~90日龄育肥猪最高(28.13%),与其他生长阶段猪群差异明显(P<0.05);除饲料、水源、上猪台和出猪台外,其他大部分场区环境均检测到PRV-gE核酸阳性;育肥猪群病毒载量最高,为3.6×105拷贝数/mL,其猪舍环境的病毒载量也较高,与其他环境及生长阶段猪群差异均明显(P<0.05)。结果表明,不同猪群包括免疫猪群均可遭受PRV野毒感染,尤其是母猪妊娠中期和猪育肥阶段早期,且大部分场区环境均可被污染。结果提示,规模猪场要加强各种猪群尤其是育肥猪群的伪狂犬病免疫,通过监测来调整和优化免疫程序,同时要加强生物安全,防止病毒传入和扩散。  相似文献   

Causes of death in beef cattle in southern Brazil     

Francili A. Molossi  Bianca S. de Cecco  Camila B. Pohl  Rogrio B. Borges  Luciana Sonne  Saulo P. Pavarini  David Driemeier 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2021,33(4):677

We determined the prevalence of diseases and pathogens associated with mortality in beef cattle in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, based on pathology laboratory submissions. Postmortem examinations were conducted on 1,277 beef cattle that died between 2008 and 2018. Information regarding age, time of the year, breed, and regional location were analyzed statistically. Most cattle were from the surrounding region of Porto Alegre, and 78.7% of the analyzed cases had diagnostic value. The diagnostic category with most cases was infectious and/or parasitic diseases (60%), followed by toxic and toxicoinfectious (25%). Most cases occurred in the fall. Major disease conditions identified included hemoprotozoal infection (18.2%), rabies (8.2%), and plant intoxications by Senecio spp. (8.5%) and Pteridium arachnoideum (4.6%). Hemoprotozoal infection occurred at a higher frequency in young cattle, mainly in animals up to 1 y old. Intoxication by Senecio spp. was more frequent in cattle 2–3 y old.  相似文献   

Systemic Listeria monocytogenes infection and concurrent pleural mesothelioma in a cat     

Jessica A. Elbert  Daniel R. Rissi 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2021,33(1):120

Herein we describe a rare case of systemic Listeria monocytogenes infection with concurrent pleural mesothelioma in a stray cat that was found dead and submitted for autopsy. Gross pathology changes consisted of thoracic clear yellow fluid admixed with suspended fibrin strands; clear-to-tan, variably sized, <3 mm diameter pulmonary nodules; and enlargement of the submandibular, retropharyngeal, and prescapular lymph nodes. Histologic changes consisted of extensive areas of suppurative inflammation and necrosis with mineralization that partially effaced the pulmonary parenchyma and lymph nodes. Random, distinct necrotic foci were present throughout the hepatic parenchyma. Extending from the pleura, within perinecrotic alveolar spaces, and infiltrating the submandibular, retropharyngeal, and prescapular lymph nodes were dense sheets of neoplastic epithelioid cells with moderate pleomorphism and occasional karyomegaly and multinucleation. Neoplastic cells exhibited immunolabeling for pancytokeratin AE1/AE3 and vimentin, consistent with pleural mesothelioma. Aerobic bacterial culture of lung yielded heavy growth of L. monocytogenes. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for L. monocytogenes revealed clusters of bacteria in the lung, lymph node, and liver. Pathologic changes were consistent with systemic listeriosis, confirmed by bacterial culture and IHC, and concurrent pleural mesothelioma.  相似文献   

Sequence and unique phylogeny of G genes of bovine respiratory syncytial viruses circulating in Japan     

Asuka Kumagai  Kyoko Kawauchi  Kiyohiko Andoh  Shinichi Hatama 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2021,33(1):162

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is an etiologic agent of bovine respiratory disease. The rapid evolutionary rate of BRSV contributes to genetic and antigenic heterogeneity of field strains and causes occasional vaccine failure. We conducted molecular epidemiologic characterization of BRSV circulating in Japan to obtain genetic information for vaccine-based disease control. Phylogenetic analysis of G and F gene sequences revealed that all of the isolated Japanese BRSV strains clustered in the same genetic subgroup, which was distinct from the 9 known groups. We assigned the Japanese group to subgenotype X. The Japanese isolates formed 2 temporal clusters: isolates from 2003 to 2005 clustered in lineage A; isolates from 2017 to 2019 formed lineage B. The alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences of the G gene revealed that the central hydrophobic region responsible for viral antigenicity is conserved in all of the isolates; unique amino acid mutations were found mainly in mucin-like regions. Our results suggest that BRSV has evolved uniquely in Japan to form the new subgenotype X; the antigenic homogeneity of the viruses within this group is inferred.  相似文献   

Effect of calf age on bovine viral diarrhea virus tests     

Scott McDougall 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2021,33(3):528

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Diagnostic Imaging of the Respiratory Tract of the Reptile Patient     

《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice》2021,24(2):293-320

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MSTN基因对牛肌动蛋白细胞骨架调节通路的影响     

盛辉  郭益文  张林林  谭皓云  胡德宝  李新  丁向彬  郭宏 《中国畜牧兽医》2021,48(10):3554-3564

为探究肌肉生长抑制素（myostatin,MSTN）对牛骨骼肌生长发育的作用机制,本研究前期利用定量蛋白质组学与磷酸化蛋白质组学分析野生型蒙古牛（MG.WT）和MSTN^+/-蒙古牛（MG.MSTN^+/-）腿臀肌肌肉组织中蛋白质水平和磷酸化修饰水平的差异变化,使用已建立的牛骨骼肌卫星细胞体外诱导成肌分化模型,检测设计合成的MSTN siRNA （si-MSTN）干扰效果;采用实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting方法检测转染si-MSTN的增殖期（GM）和分化第3天（DM3）牛骨骼肌卫星细胞中肌动蛋白细胞骨架调节通路相关基因的mRNA和蛋白水平的表达变化,研究敲低MSTN表达对肌动蛋白细胞骨架调节通路的影响。结果显示,在MSTN^+/-蒙古牛肌肉组织中共鉴定到16个肌动蛋白细胞骨架调节通路相关基因表达丰度上调;转染si-MSTN细胞中的MSTN表达水平极显著降低（P<0.01）;在转染si-MSTN的GM期牛骨骼肌卫星细胞中,肌动蛋白细胞骨架调节通路相关基因ENAH、ACTN4和Cdc42的mRNA水平均显著升高（P<0.05）,PFN1、RhoA和ACTN4的蛋白水平均显著或极显著升高（P<0.05;P<0.01）;在转染si-MSTN的DM3牛骨骼肌卫星细胞中,ENAH、CFL1、SCIN和Cdc42基因mRNA水平均显著升高（P<0.05）,RhoA基因mRNA水平极显著升高（P<0.01）,PFN1和ACTN4的蛋白水平均显著升高（P<0.05）。结果表明,干扰MSTN可以促进肌动蛋白细胞骨架调节通路相关基因的表达,探明了MSTN可能通过介导肌动蛋白细胞骨架调节通路影响牛骨骼肌卫星细胞增殖和成肌分化的分子机制,为进一步研究MSTN对牛成肌分化的调控机制提供参考。  相似文献   

2020年新疆地区猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒抗体检测与分析     

王紫阳  屈勇刚  孙琼飞  党瑞莹  周海琴  张小玉  张家瑞  常军帅  李岩 《中国猪业》2021,16(3):58-61

为了解2020年新疆地区猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征病毒（PRRSV）抗体水平及其消长规律,本试验采用间接酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法对1 218份血清中PRRSV免疫抗体水平进行检测和分析。结果显示,PRRSV抗体平均阳性率为78.49%（956/1218）,高于国家规定标准（70%）。S/P的平均值为1.22±0.84,变异系数为69.45%。不同类别猪群抗体平均阳性率在59.19%~91.50%之间,有一定的差异。在调查的10个规模化养殖场中,9个场PRRSV免疫抗体阳性率达到国家标准。不同类别猪群PRRSV变异系数较高,需进一步对现有的免疫程序进行调整和完善,确保各猪群健康。  相似文献